1. ClinicaL Research design

The entry-level psychologist demonstrates a working knowledge of the available types of research design that can be used to evaluate different intervention practices i.e., individual, group, or programme. Staying informed on current evaluation practices, they should be familiar with the existing literature on evidence-based practices and endorse its use in research. Displaying a keen interest in seeking answers through research, he or she should have the confidence to conduct the evaluation independently. The psychologist should be able to identify the most appropriate research design used in evaluating their services, and formulate their research plan in advance by taking references from the logic model, Gantt chart, journal papers and other resources.

2. Clinical Data Collection and Management

Good clinical data collection and management practice is the core of research integrity. A lack in this unit could cause the evaluation to (1) be unable to accurately answer research questions, (2) waste resources due to distorted findings, (3) mislead other researchers and stakeholders, and (4) cause harm to participants.

3. Clinical Data Analysis

Clinical data analysis is an essential component of evaluating progress and outcomes of individuals and groups. The application of statistical/analytical techniques aid in determining whether hypotheses-driven interventions are effective after their implementation. From the analyses, the progress of individuals and groups could be established. This valuable information could then inform immediate or future changes in intervention programmes. Moreover, aside from analysing the effectiveness of interventions, feedback from stakeholders in the form of surveys could also be analysed to gather insights on trainings and programmes.

4. Clinical Evaluation

Clinical Evaluation is the process of using scientifically and sound methods to collect and assess all clinical data relating of a client to verify and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention or treatment. Evaluation can be made through medical history, physical examination, observations, and other diagnostic procedures. Reasons for client evaluation are for: (i) diagnostic purposes, (ii) treatment or reassurance, or (iii) a combination of these factors. The process and analysed results will then be documented in a Clinical Evaluation Report (CER).