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Case Conceptualisation Frameworks

Case conceptualisation frameworks are utilised to condense and synthesise multiple pieces of client information into a well-developed and coherent explanation of client’s problem. There are different types of case conceptualisation frameworks for problem formation and/or problem resolution, e.g. symptom-focused, client-focused, and theory-focused (Sperry, 2005). How a framework is chosen for use depends on the psychologist’s theoretical orientation, the nature of client problem, the framework’s target groups of symptoms/clients and/or other factors. Psychologists are expected to:

  • Examine and develop in-depth knowledge of relevant case formulation frameworks for the individual client or the client group that they are serving

  • Select appropriate framework(s) in view of psychologist's training, work setting, nature of client issues etc.

  • Apply the framework(s) selected accurately to client’s case and explain the case based on the framework used that could inform client’s intervention plan

  • Maintain professionalism, objectivity, curiosity and interest in keeping abreast with the literature and new information in this area

Here are some ideas and resources to spark your learning and thinking: 

 

How to do case conceptualisation

1. Len Sperry (2005) – Case Conceptualizations: The Missing Link Between Theory and Practice

This article tells you the missing link and art of doing case conceptualisations using pattern analysis to sequence treatment in the area of family therapy.

2. Sturmey, P. (2009) – Clinical case formulation: Varieties of approaches

4P formulation

Schuyler W Henderson & Andrés Martin (2014) – Integrating a biopsychosocial perspective with 4Ps formulation

Child & Adolescent focused

Winters, N.C., & al. (2007). The Case Formulation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

The article talks about how to use case formulation as a framework towards diagnosis.

Problem analysis framework

Annan et al. (2013) – Further iterations on using the problem-analysis framework.

 This article shares on a framework that integrates factors from a biopsychosocial perspective.

Special populations

Poon, K., & Cohen, L. (2008) – Assessing students with special needs: Applications in Singapore schools. In Poon & Khaw (Eds.), Supporting students with special needs in mainstream schools: A linked system of support

A chapter in this book shares about case formulation using ecological assessment and its importance for students in educational setting.

Psychotherapy case formulations

Eells, T. D. (2015) – Psychotherapy Case Formulations.  

This concise and engaging book is based on the author's extensive experience teaching case formulation to graduate students. It describes a highly-adaptable and evidence-based framework for conceptualising clients and planning treatment. Applicable to both simple and complex cases, the model can be used regardless of one's theoretical orientation. (read more from apa.org)

Johnstong, L., & Dallos, R. (2013) – Formulation in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Making sense of people's problems. 

This revised edition includes personal construct formulation, formulation in health settings, and the innovative practice of using formulation in teams.

Sharpen your clinical thinking skills

Chapter 3  - Clinical Thinking Skills: Diagnosis, Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning in Alan M. Schwitz & Lawrence C. Rubin (2012) – Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Skills for Mental Health Professionals: A Popular Culture Casebook Approach

This chapter talks about how you can sharpen your clinical thinking skills in case conceptualisation that leads to treatment planning.

simple CBT formulation

This website provides simple CBT formulation worksheet which explore the origin and maintenance of a problem.

Interview with Tracy D. Eells

This video features Tracy D Eells on his experience on doing psychotherapy case formulation: an integrative, evidence-based model.